conlang sound change applier

Rules apply in the order they're listed. Curate this topic Add this topic to your repo . That can be all there is, as in based on spellings or phonemes. 1 / 0. Then This option is good for applying a permanent lexical transformation to a list of words. SCA was originally written as an aid for linguists and conlangers to simulate the effects of the Neo-grammarian concept of sound-change and is . At year 800, introduce rule C that applies to all previous words, including new loan words. Eventually, other rules you discover are going to intersect and sometimes abrogate another law. This page collects a number of entrusted, and foremost - free, sources of linguistic and specialised information by the conlanging community, and the users of the Linguifex Wiki. inflectional system. A WikiProject that aims to create and improve articles about conlangs. Hit Generate to create a random wordlist. SIL provides a database, Ethnologue, of its research into the world's languages. Add a description, image, and links to the conlang topic page so that developers can more easily learn about it. Is it possible? u/o/_# The __ indicates a "placeholder" for where the original sound was and where the new sound goes. The basic idea here is that when you're making your conlang you should have in your mind a parent language (or proto-language) and a child language. This means that the stops ptc phono - Phonology Builder. In this usage, the variables must correspond one for one-- Remnants of Germanic umlaut can be seen in English, e.g. I'm not asking what sound changes are or how they work; just what I can do to begin using them on my own language. The /, In Japanese, the pronunciation of as /, In some American English dialects, the diphthong /. [ejmbow], [kokoa]). The change is minor, but enough that speakers no longer remember that they were once the same word, unless they are well-educated. It was then up to you, using cut and paste, to save these in a file. I recently rejoined the subreddit after a long bout of silent conlanging. The notation used is the same as in @Doorknob's answer above. A minor scale definition: am I missing something? The most infamous examples are the ruki rule, where [s] became [] but only after [r, w, k, j] (? What is Wario dropping at the end of Super Mario Land 2 and why? Privacy Policy. rather than to both the screen and the file. A variable can also be set to a fixed value, or deleted. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. This option is useful for very long vocabulary lists. E.g. Curate this topic Add this topic to your repo . insufficient vowel reduction) another 35% of the time. Rewrite rules: This means that s is deleted when it ends a word. 'to cook', since the original cocer has merged with I'm curious, and also want to know if I should switch out of using Zompist, which I've been using for the past long time. The Ling Space is an education project whose mission is to help make linguistics more accessible and fun, by making videos and blog posts and so on. (In English, -tion turn verbs into nouns, -ify turn nouns into verbs, other amazing examples here ) Go ahead and give some examples, by combining some roots with each other and with inflections! The Conlangery Podcast is a weekly podcast created by conlangers, for conlangers. conventional spellings, but I could just as easily have used Changes since the old SCA, and the newest features: intermediate results and file uploading/downloading. 'Gross' is /atek/, 'very gross' is /atekul/, and 'inedible food' is /ategetul/. deletes an e between a consonant and an intervocalic r, Latin did this, so that original flos and honos became flor and honor, to match their genitives floris and honoris. Sound Changes can happen both unilaterally (in every possible location) or only in certain environments. Some web browsers have a couple of problems with the shortcuts when writing online, but mouse-clicking always works. I spent a good part of my day recently messing around with the zompist sound change applier . While there are general patterns, it's also important to note that some sound changes seem completely illogical and random, and just sort of happen. I cannot vouch for its relevancy in modern linguistics (rule-based phonology was all but forsaken at my school), but as a conlanger it is very useful. you could define S to be any stop, or K for any coronal, or whatever. Hello, r/conlangs! On Safari and Firefox, Undo will work as it should: you can make a change, hit Apply, and if you dont like the results, click on the text box you changed and select Undo. k/s/_F Geoff's Sound Change Applier. Which ability is most related to insanity: Wisdom, Charisma, Constitution, or Intelligence? Is "I didn't think it was serious" usually a good defence against "duty to rescue"? rev2023.4.21.43403. want to change the definition of V. Though sound changes can refer to digraphs, Create a rough draft of the phonology of the child language. is there such a thing as "right to be heard"? The words will merge, beginning to mean the same grammatically synonyms. file. To age a conlang, you might consider making a timeline of changes. Make sure the two variable definitions are the same length! This is an old version of Lexurgy. E.g. leitor [lector] Sound changes are hard to get right the first try, and it can take a lot of tinkering and experimentation to produce the results you want. A few days ago I started work on an online sound change applier, similar to Mark Rosenfelder's SCA2. Assimilation is another frequent sound change. It should be easy to make on-the-fly revisions to a project, even one you haven't touched in months. Haedus Toolbox Sound Change Applier and forum post here. What should I follow, if two altimeters show different altitudes? Don't feel limited to delete all /e/ after a consonant. you could define S to be any stop, or K for any coronal, or whatever. Let them go through changes over time and keep a record of the steps (and the years these intermediary words were used). You can do gemination on category substitution, like this: You can use a special wildcard to match anything. The syntax is slightly different, which allows you to write some rules more compactly or clearly, but it is feature-rich enough to be a full replacement for SCA2. Four vowels, with no /i/ sound. The z part must always contain In Latin, /s/ became /z/ between vowels (lenition), and /z/ then proceeded to become /r/. re-save the file as a real .lex file. where you downloaded sounds-- e.g. gn/nh/_ These are defined in the Categories box. Browse / Download are used for saving files; Parse .sc/Back to .sc are an alternative using the clipboard. Chronlang is a simple computer language that allows you to define sound changes in a syntax based on linguistic literature and familiar to users of other popular sound change appliers. intended to delete an i onset following an intervocalic consonant: have the Notepad icon, and if you double-click it Windows will ask what app to open The World Atlas of Language Structures, WALS, is a database of structural (phonological, grammatical, lexical) properties of languages gathered from descriptive materials. Files include input lexicon affects the file sharing buttons. The infinitive "poder" (can) is usually pronounced /pode/, but as a noun, "poder" (power) is pronounced /poder/, even colloquially. So, with the word opera and the rules So you really have a lot of room for creativity here, while still being able to be naturalistic. Those are the main ones. SCA - Sound Change Applier. Variables can only be one character long. Consonants can palatalize before or after a front vowel ([i], [e]) or a palatal consonant ([j]), perhaps ending up as an affricate or fricative. More generally, a sound change looks like this: Optionally you can use in place of the first slash. The second is suitable for use in a dictionary with the etymology in brackets. [ Back to the Language Construction Kit ], A Mac executable, which you can download either in. Once you have a list of sound changes, you will want to go through the dictionary of the proto-language and apply those sound changes to every word there. Z=bdg For instance. as input for the next round of changes). (There are some general rules that determine what this actually means, although it can vary between languages). To improve my Latin-to-Portuguese file, for instance, I would Phonology is the set of rules that apply given certain conditions. Show me where the stops become fricatives! E.g. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. They can get confused by any change that needs to happen in particular syllables, such as syllable-based syncope, or any change where the environment spans multiple syllables, such as umlaut. It would be better to output a phonetic representation. The syntax is slightly different, which allows you to write some rules more compactly or clearly, but it is feature-rich enough to be a full replacement for SCA2. All I can think of to The atlas provides information on the location, linguistic affiliation and basic typological features of a great number of the world's languages. E.g. I'm pretty tired and I may have been at a trivia night or two myself tonight, so I'll proofread this in the morning. For example, the hypothetical spirantization of [b] to [v] intervocalically could be notated as follows: This rule indicates that b becomes v when surrounded by a vowel (V) on each side. Theiling Online Sitemap Conlang Mailing List HQ . A few examples are intervocalic flapping in many English dialects (/btr/ [b]) and the pronunciation of /b, d, g/ as fricatives or approximants, roughly [, , ], in most contexts in Spanish. Report which rules apply prints a report in the Output section listing every time a rule applies, like this: Rewrite on output controls whether the rewrite rules should be reversed when writing the output lexicon. leitor Cookie Notice Alex This page was last edited on 27 December 2021, at 19:37. It also refers to sounds that disappear altogether. The study of when sound changes occur in a particular place and in what order the changes happen. if you add -* just after the rule gn/nh/_ in the default sound changes, you get output that looks like this: Browse lets you read in a file, and distribute it properly to the input fields. Theiling Online Sitemap Conlang Mailing List HQ . Mark Rosenfelder, 2012. Which are the best open-source conlang projects? You can use variables in the first two parts as well. ), and strangest of all, Proto-Indo-European *dw to Armenian erk (???). 101 examples on affix borrowing between languages. It can produce output for the Sound Change Applier or for gen, the lexical generator. s-> /_# applies to secundus at 7, -b prints the output What are common origins of accusative case markers? The environment (the z part) can contain variables, like V above. That doesn't seem too broad to me. Show intermediate results and Intermediate results only allow you to apply only a partial set of sound changes. At this point it hasn't received much testing or feedback, so I would appreciate any bug reports or suggestions submitted via an issue on GitHub. Look under Programs/Accessories and run Command Prompt. Every week, the hosts George Corley, Bianca Richards (ne Mangum), William S. Annis, David J. Peterson and Mike Lentine, as well as the occasional guest talk about a conlanging- or linguistics-related topic one week and feature a conlang or natlang the next. He also rips off an arm to use as a sword. How do I set my page numbers to the same size through the whole document? By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. You should see several of the words change, now retaining their final s.). It takes some practice to be able to do this well, so don't worry too much if the final product isn't exactly the same as your draft. It is also available on iTunes and you can now support them on Patreon. To do: Phonetics is where list the sounds you use in your language. Or alternately, one that will work in conjunction with SIL's Toolbox (or other SIL product)? Language predictability is one person's goal and the thing another person avoids with all their effort, so be mindful of what you're aiming for and create accordingly. For instance, if you voice intervocalic it with; select Notepad. Are words based on acronyms treated differently when the language changes over time? SCA treats spaces as word boundaries. You could also use rewrite rules to allow longer or mnemonic names for your categories. Russian could be. If the language you're working with requires a special font, What are the most common sound changes in natlangs? You can regularise these sounds over time. An IPA chart by the devoted web-developer Weston Ruter. Is there a generic term for these trajectories? The problem is that I have no idea how to even begin choosing rules for sound changes, nor how to describe them. The advantage is that it supports Unicode, itll run on all systems, and you dont have to mess with ASCII or command lines anymore. the two input files on the left cd c:\downloads\. Some of these examples are my own, and I apologize if they don't work as universal examples. However, it won't affect (say) achior, Now you can run sounds as described above. that would handle the change from civitatem with /k/ to cidade with /s/. The old SCA required that you use single characters instead. People will stop using one or the other word, replacing it with another construct. A new article is published on the first of every month. (e.g. Categories: C=ptkbdg R=rl V=ieaou. says to change u to The program is available in three forms. How did Tolkien model diachronic changes in his Elvish languages? Define the phonemes that make up those categories in the box at the left. For more information, please see our consonants, meta and meda E.g. suppose you've defined One of my works-in-progress is a language called Proto-Oreadin. It's been a while). I guess this forum really isn't set up for the kind of intense assistance & interaction you really need. For instance, Simple metathesis is supported by the special replacement string \\. Here are the three SCA's shown in this video:SCA2: https://www.zompist.com/sca2.htmlTriSCA: https://trimill.github.io/sca/Lexurgy: https://www.lexurgy.com/s. If sounds says your file could not be read in and you're sure Each character in the replacement variable (here Z) the first gives the name of the .lex file, containing the lexicon; Usage--file-based-sound-change | -f to apply a set of rules to a set of words, each defined in a separate file, creating a text file with the changed words; . Back to .sc will collect the text in the input boxes and place them in Sound Changes. The proto-language is going to be a conlang just as we have been making up until this point and should not have any history to it. I wanted to share something that I found useful in school and in hobby: a guide to sound changes over time. Glottolog is a bibliographic database of the world's lesser-known languages, maintained at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig. Jamie Norrish wrote: >Henrik Theiling writes: > >[Global and local boolean flags] > > In the way you can mark for dialects, my script allows . You might find that two or three daughter lineages kind of align in certain ways. p/b/V_V The episode are full of interesting and knowledgeable discussions which last around the hour. One of the things I'm really passionate about is phonetics vs. phonology. The information is well-sourced and edited by knowledgeable linguist from all over the world. For example, Here we are indicating that [x] becomes [h] when following [V], where [V] is "any vowel". "Save as type" dropdown to "All files" instead of "Text documents". So, The replacement string can be blank, as in. Conlang-L or Reddit or CBB would be forums better suited, but I do have some ideas that might serve to get you started. Alternatively, you can decide not to worry too much about the final product and simply select sound changes randomly. You can compare this to the Kebreni grammar in Virtual Verduria. In the case that two words would be pronounced the same if a certain sound change happens, one of the following things can happen: Some kinds of sound changes are more common than others. Example: Year 400, make word /atege/ (nasty, disgusting, gross), Year 500, form /atege/ + /tul/ (extremely, augmentive) --> /ategetul/, /ategetul/ stays /ategetul/ because there is no final /e/. TypeIt is a free web-based keyboard which enable the full International Phonetic Alphabet, IPA, and some extensions to it, to be simply copy-pasted. A variable can also be set to a fixed value, or deleted. Why does Acts not mention the deaths of Peter and Paul? Most people think English spelling is hopeless; but in fact the rules predict This has helped me age my language to make my sound systems consistent and to turn old roots into a modern lexicon. You do this by including the special line -* at the appropriate point in your sound changes file. omits the source word from the output, leaving only output words, like this: For instance, a language may lenite a particular sound, only if it follows a particular consonant. By what means might the roots "let" and "ly" mean the same thing in a naturalistic conlang? > Regular expression syntax? But which one do most people use? i//VC_V It includes an online interface with descriptions of borrowed affixes in terms of their forms and functions, examples of combinations of borrowed affixes with native stems, search functions, maps, and over 230 bibliographical references.. python linguistics phonology phonetics conlang phonological-rules Updated May 31, 2021; Python . The Sound Change Applier 2 is an updated version of my C program which applies a set of sound changes to a lexicon. In my example I used You can use it to help work out a reconstruction for actual languages, to create plausible descendants of a conlang, or in fact to make any structured set of lexical changes to a database of words. Monophthongization is the simplification of a diphthong (or triphthong) down to a single vowel. People rarely say any word perfectly; perhaps your was a little too far forward, or your wasn't rounded as much as it normally would be. Notable members of the LCS are David J. Peterson, the creator of Dothraki, and John Quijada, who created Ithkuil. Similarly, I wrote the rules to output It is written in Python and uses configuration files in YAML, so you'll need to install Python (SCA is known to work with version 2.6, but probably won't with 3.x) and PyYAML to be able to use it.. SCA was originally written as an aid for linguists and . What are the general categories of sound changes? As for b), the best way to get an idea for what kinds of things generally happen in languages is honestly probably just by reading about lots of different languages and seeing what tends to happen. Here's how to read it: e > 0 / VC_# if consonants is dental (l, r, n, s, th) or y (Latin to Spanish), this means the sound /e/ becomes zero (or deletes) when it takes the place of the underscore in this phrase: VC_#(end of word) and if these conditions are met: only if the consonant is dental (l, r, n, s, th) or y (Latin to Spanish), so if you have a word that end in V,(l, r, n, s, th [and sometimes y]),e then the e will delete. The first option just prints each output word; this is good for generating a new list of words (e.g. A few days ago I started work on an online sound change applier, similar to Mark Rosenfelder's SCA2. [] can become [i] as part of diphthongs. I didnt use * because a) its very computery and b) people may have used it in their sound changes and I didnt want to break them. Why xargs does not process the last argument?